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Morning Prayers

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7) מִכְּלָל שֶׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לִפְרָט, וּמִפְּרָט שֶׁהוּא צָרִיךְ לִכְלָל.

7) A broad rule that requires an explicit particular [to clarify its intent], and an explicit particular that requires a general statement [to clarify its intent];

8) כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהָיָה בִּכְלָל וְיָצָא מִן הַכְּלָל לְלַמֵּד, לֹא לְלַמֵּד עַל עַצְמוֹ יָצָא,

8) When a particular instance was included in a general category and then was singled out to teach something new, [we assume that] it was singled out not only to inform us with regard to its specific instance,

אֶלָּא לְלַמֵּד עַל הַכְּלָל כֻּלּוֹ יָצָא.

but rather to inform us with regard to everything else included within the general category;

9) כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהָיָה בִּכְלָל, וְיָצָא לִטְעוֹן טַֽעַן אֶחָד שֶׁהוּא כְעִנְיָנוֹ, יָצָא לְהָקֵל וְלֹא לְהַחֲמִיר.

9) When a particular instance was included in a general category and then was singled out to teach about an instance that relates to that general category, [we assume that] it was singled out for the sake of leniency and not for the sake of stringency;

10) כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהָיָה בִּכְלָל וְיָצָא לִטְעוֹן טַֽעַן אַחֵר שֶׁלֹּא כְעִנְיָנוֹ, יָצָא לְהָקֵל וּלְהַחֲמִיר.

10) When a particular instance was included in a general category and then was singled out to teach about an instance that does not apply to that general category, we assume that it was singled out not only for the sake of leniency, but also for the sake of stringency;

11) כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁהָיָה בִּכְלָל וְיָצָא לִדּוֹן בְּדָבָר חָדָשׁ, אִי אַתָּה יָכוֹל לְהַחֲזִירוֹ לִכְלָלוֹ, עַד שֶׁיַּחֲזִירֶֽנּוּ הַכָּתוּב לִכְלָלוֹ בְּפֵרוּשׁ.

11) When a particular instance was included in a general category and then was singled out to teach about a novel instance that does not pertain to that general category, the laws applying to the general category should no longer be applied to it, unless the Torah states explicitly that they must;

12) דָּבָר הַלָּמֵד מֵעִנְיָנוֹ, וְדָבָר הַלָּמֵד מִסּוֹפוֹ.

12) The meaning of a concept may be derived from its context or from the following passage;

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